Issue |
Ann. de l’Associat. Internat. de Climatologie
Volume 2, 2005
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 77 - 98 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.4267/climatologie.894 | |
Published online | 09 October 2015 |
Evaluation avant construction de l’impact d’un ouvrage linéaire en remblai sur le risque de gel printanier : exemples sur la LGV est-européenne dans le vignoble de Champagne
Evaluation before construction of the impact of a linear embankment on the spring frost risk : application to the European East LGV line in the Champagne vineyard
1
Université Denis Diderot, UMR 8586 du CNRS (PRODIG), 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05
2
Laboratoire COSTEL, UMR6554 du CNRS (LETG), Université Rennes 2. place du recteur Henri le Moal, 35043 Rennes Cedex
3
Université de Provence UMR 6012, 29 av. Robert Schuman 13621 Aix-en-Provence Cedex
4
Université de Bourgogne, Centre de Recherches de Climatologie (UMR CNRS 5210), 6 boulevard Gabriel 21000 Dijon
Afin d’évaluer dans un vignoble l’incidence sur la fréquence du gel dommageable (t° < -2°C) que pourrait créer un futur remblai de la Ligne à Grande Vitesse Est européenne, une bâche ayant la longueur et la hauteur de cet ouvrage a été installée sur le site des Fonds de Sillery (sud-est de la ville de Reims). Pour les situations météorologiques de type radiatif, des mesures de la température et des écoulements d’air froid, ont été effectuées, durant le printemps 2001, sur 19 points implantés en amont du futur remblai, simulé par une bâche. La comparaison des résultats sans bâche (2 nuits de mesure), puis avec sa présence (3 nuits), montre que cet ouvrage permettra la formation d’un lac d’air froid en amont du remblai, mais que celui-ci ne devrait pas affecter le vignoble. Sur un autre site, à Vrigny (sud-ouest de Reims), d’autres mesures de températures réalisées avec et sans bâche ont permis de repérer les talwegs d’écoulement. En tenant compte des résultats enregistrés sur le premier site ainsi que de la hauteur de l’ouvrage, une simulation spatiale a été réalisée. Elle montre que quelques hectares de vigne seraient affectés par un refroidissement supplémentaire dû à la présence des murs antibruit de la future ligne. Sur les deux sites, ces résultats ont nécessité des aménagements spécifiques afin de laisser circuler l’air froid pour qu’il n’affecte pas le vignoble.
Abstract
The new east european Ligne à Grande Vitesse LGV (Paris-Strasbourg) is going to cross a part of the Champagne vineyard located in the northern region of the Montagne de Reims. For radiative meteorological situations (clear sky, cool wind), the spatial variability of night temperatures can sometimes be very important, in particular due to cold air gravity flows towards low altitude zones. Thus, every obstacle, such as the embankment, can trap the cold air and induce an accumulation of cold air upstream. The aim of this paper is to show the results of climatological researches at the local scale on two particular sites in the vineyard, the Fonds de Sillery and Vrigny. In this work, we tried to evaluate the effect on cold wind accumulation and on the frequency of detrimental freezing of the future railway embankment.
Firstly, in the Fonds de Sillery site (South-East of Reims), a canvas cover with the characteristics of this embankment was installed at the location of the future line. For nights with radiatives conditions, measurements of actinothermic index temperatures and of cold air winds, were done in spring 2001, on 19 points upstream the future embankment, simulated by the canvas cover. Moreover, we also used a DEM built in order to take into account the effect of the topography. The comparison between the results without the canvas (2 nights) and those with the canvas (3 nights) shows that the lake of cold air created by the future line does not affect the vineyard.
On another site, at Vrigny (west of Reims), the LGV line will also cross the vineyard. Thus the vinemakers were worried about the future embankment and especially about the noiseless wall supposed to protect the habitations. New temperature measurements were done in situ, but without canvas. They allowed us to identify the flow talwegs. A simulation was also done taking into account the topography around the cold wind lake induced by the embankment. It shows that few vineyard hectares would be affected by an increased cooling due to the future noiseless wall. This result was taken into account and new specific installations (change of the shape of noiseless walls, holes in the embankment) will be added in order to let the cold air circulate so that it does not affect the vineyard.
This empirical approach allowed us to precise the nature and intensity of cold air flows on two famous vineyard sites and to extrapolate the possible effect of a future embankment which would inevitably change the cold air circulation during meteorological situations with a strong nocturnal radiative cooling. Even if the duration of the study is short (few measurement dates), this approach allowed us to validate several assumptions and to propose specific installations in order to reduce the perturbations induced by the new line.
Mots clés : risque gélif / talus ferroviaire / Ligne TGV Est européenne / vignoble de Champagne / climatologie appliquée
Key words: frost risk / railway embankment / High Speed Line (East TGV) / Champagne vineyard / climatology applications
© Association internationale de climatologie 2005
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